Marcus Elliott • Mar 06, 2023

It is no news that earthquakes are potentially devastating events. Recently, on 6 February 2023, Turkey and Syria suffered one of the world’s most damaging earthquakes – and its aftershocks – in terms of loss of life, injuries, and the number of buildings affected. On the news and social networks, it is easy to find videos of more than one building collapsing, and for someone who lives in Mexico City (CDMX), it is not difficult to empathize with the tragedy.

Precisely, this earthquake evokes the last ones engraved in the collective memory of Mexicans, not only because of the level of damage generated but also because, by a terrible coincidence, all three occurred on 19 September, in 1985, 2017, and 2022. All three caused the loss of lives and extensive damage to property, buildings, and infrastructure. All three had a magnitude greater than 7.0. Fortunately, none of the three occurred during the night. Therefore, all of us, absolutely all of us who lived through them, remember precisely what we were doing in each of those three earthquakes. In my case, in 2017, I was in Guadalajara preparing to participate in the SMIS Seismic Engineering Congress; how ironic. In 2022, working from home in Mexico City, a Monday that looked like the beginning of a quiet week turned into several weeks of building assessments.

Photograph 1. Earthquake in Mexico City
Photograph 1. Earthquake in Mexico City (Mexico, 1985. Pedro Valtierra)

Fotografía 2. Sismo en la Ciudad de México (México, 2017. Santiago Arau )

Fotografía 2. Sismo en la Ciudad de México (México, 2017. Santiago Arau )

 Sismo en Manzanillo (México, 2022. Miguel Hernández)

As a civil engineer focused on structures, living in a country where at least one earthquake with a magnitude greater than 6.0 [1] occurs every year means constantly thinking about the impact of my profession on my daily environment and my family and friends. In this context, anything with a roof over represents a higher risk of collapse just because it is located in CDMX, compared to other cities. However, this risk can be reduced by applying engineering provisions that allow the structural elements supporting the roof to withstand the forces generated by an earthquake.

Despite knowing all this, it is inevitable not to feel anguish in those few seconds when determining if the abnormal movement is a simple dizziness or if it really is an earthquake. Once it is known that it is an earthquake, we Mexicans are trained to activate the reflex to move from under the roof above us because consciously -or unconsciously, most of the time- we think it will come down on us. The reality is that fewer and fewer buildings collapse. In Mexico, in 1985 there were around 400; in 2017, there were 38, and none in 2022. In the same way, fewer and fewer people are dying: 3192 officially in 1985 [2] (although 20 thousand are estimated), 369 in 2017 [3] , and 1 in 2022 [4]. These figures imply a journey in the right direction, although it is also acknowledged that the goal has not been reached.

Although it is practically impossible for a structure not to suffer any type of damage during its useful life, today, there is technology that allows buildings to be less damaged and the contents and users to be less affected. For example, elements such as base isolators can reduce the movement transmitted from the ground to the structure. The application of these devices is becoming more and more common, and it will soon be that someone inside one of these buildings will definitely feel safer inside than outside.

In any case, the deficiencies evident in the recent earthquakes in Turkey and Syria reminded me of a phrase often used by a professor: “No one has ever seen the strongest earthquake”. Not only in Mexico we do know that another earthquake will come at any moment, but as users, taking out property insurance is an option that allows us to mitigate the financial risk of damage to our property.

Without giving it too much thought, I studied engineering with the intent to design bridges, and life has led me to apply my knowledge today to the forensic evaluation of structures once an incident has occurred. I have had the opportunity to assess several buildings affected by earthquakes. In some cases, the damage was superficial, such as cracks in the cladding materials, while in other cases, a comprehensive restructuring was essential. I find it exciting to develop in this sector, and it is also satisfying to participate in projects whose objective is the reinstatement of damage to people’s property.

From CDMX, I am at your disposal to attend to any claim associated with damage to structures and supported by DAC’s international team, we can cover any region in the world.

Miguel Hernández, MI, IAAI-FIT
Civil/Structural Forensic Engineer
M: +52 55 2860 0525
T: +52 55 4748 0838
mhernandez@dac-consultingservices.com

DAC Consulting Services


08 May, 2024
We are thrilled to announce the addition of Panayiotis Pantaridis to our Core Team! Panayiotis joins us as a Senior Project & Construction Management Expert and will be supporting both our London and Dubai offices.
by Daniel Correa 15 Apr, 2024
In the intricate and highly specialized realm of engineering and construction, disputes and claims are not just common—they are expected.
by Daniel Correa 03 Apr, 2024
DAC Consulting Services is proud to have attended and sponsored this impressive event, which confirms our investment in the Middle East and North Africa region.
by Daniel Correa 19 Mar, 2024
Reflections on the SCCA24 Conference: Shaping the Future of Arbitration in Riyadh
by Marcus Elliott 30 Dec, 2023
Merry Xmas to everyone! May this season fill you all with hope, happiness,  kindness, wisdom, and faith.
by Marcus Elliott 21 Dec, 2023
WORLD CLASS FORENSIC & TECHNICAL CONSULTANTS
by Marcus Elliott 24 Nov, 2023
Over the past year, expert witnesses have appeared in the legal press following criticism in the courts. So for this year’s Sir Michael Davies lecture, we invited The Honourable Mr Justice Williams, High Court judge and chair of The Family Justice Council Subcommittee on Experts, to share his views on such criticism. In his enlightening keynote speech – which you can listen to in full here – Mr Justice Williams explored an array of issues relating to the criticism of experts. Distinguishing between constructive criticism, destructive criticism and disagreement, he guided the audience through criticism in the context of the work he’s doing with the Family Justice Council, along with recent judicial commentary on expert evidence. He also made excellent suggestions around what to do if you find yourself being criticised as an expert, as well as how to avoid finding yourself in that situation in the first place. We’ve summarised some of the key takeaways below. Constructive vs destructive Criticism isn’t all bad, Mr Justice Williams noted. Constructive feedback to an expert can help improve the way that other experts approach courts in the future — and that can only be a good thing. But judges are aware of the importance of protecting experts from unfair, destructive criticism. “Criticism in a judgement can have adverse consequences in terms of [experts’] reputation, referrals to professional bodies, and on business”, Mr Justice Williams noted. All experts should remember, though, that disagreement from a judge is not necessarily criticism. “Don’t be too sensitive!”, he reminded the audience. Common criticism A lack of preparation, failure to abide by court directions, going beyond remit or expertise, and poor presentation on paper and on screen are all areas where experts commonly face criticism. The possibility of being criticised in court was highlighted as a barrier for attracting experts – though it’s important to note that it was by no means the biggest barrier. “As the judiciary, it’s entirely within our hands to manage criticism of experts”, Mr Justice Williams acknowledged. Efforts to change the way that criticism is managed have been made in the family law arena, with the establishment of a working group, the Family Justice Council Sub-Committee on Experts. The good, the bad and the ugly Mr Justice Williams highlighted three areas likely to put you in a positive light in the eyes of a High Court judge: the ability to express complex concepts in accessible language; objectivity and staying within the bounds of your expertise; and, of course, sticking to the facts. At the opposite end of the spectrum, being unprepared; not abiding by court directions; and going beyond your remit or expertise are all traits that are likely to attract criticism from a judge. As for the ugly – make sure that your presentation on paper and on screen is up to scratch! How to avoid destructive criticism No Expert Witnesses want to attract destructive criticism. To help avoid it altogether, Mr Justice Williams’ top tips included: don’t take on too much; comply with timetables; and communicate any difficulties. “Can’t complete the work in the time you thought you would? Let us know and we can do something about it”, Mr Justice Williams pointed out. Importantly, he said, remember the fundamentals of being an expert: comply with your subject matter expertise and with procedural codes. Managing criticism “If you’re being criticised in court, the best position to take is to remain as objective as possible and try to give considered answers”, is Mr Justice Williams’ advice for managing criticism. “If you need it, ask for time to respond.” If you’re facing criticism, seek support: the Expert Witness Institute fulfils that mentoring and support role. “Destructive criticism can also be valuable as a learning process in itself”, Mr Justice Williams reminded us. “It illustrates to the broader community that bad practice is a part of everyone learning.” The happy judge Judges are very busy people – that’s partly why the presentation of expert reports, with an executive summary of four pages, is so important. “If you’re clear in your conclusion with clear and practical advice with a range of opinions, where relevant, the judge is going to be on your side to start with”, Mr Justice Williams said. “If you’ve got a happy judge, even if you’re robustly cross examined, having the judge on side is something to value.” The audience were reminded that criticism is not all bad. In fact, it is rare, and it is relatively easily avoided. Ultimately: “The judiciary want experts to continue being experts, we want you to enjoy being an expert, and we don’t like criticising (although we all like a robust exchange of views).” Listen to the full lecture Access the recording of the Sir Michael Davies Lecture 2023 – you’ll also get a CPD Certificate worth ¾ hour.
by Marcus Elliott 13 Oct, 2023
WORLD CLASS FORENSIC & TECHNICAL CONSULTANTS
by Marcus Elliott 20 Sept, 2023
¿Qué repercusiones tendrá en el sector asegurador? Empecemos señalando que, hasta el momento, en México, específicamente en la Ciudad de México, no había un lineamiento claro sobre cómo se deben evaluar las estructuras y, posteriormente, cómo deberían ser rehabilitadas. La falta de una norma específica no implica que, hasta ahora, este proceso se hiciera mal, sino que la variedad de criterios para considerar que los daños en un edificio son sujetos de un proyecto de rehabilitación es muy grande y depende enteramente de la experiencia del ingeniero a cargo. Para dar un poco de contexto, la CDMX tiene varias Normas Técnicas Complementarias (NTC) que, como su nombre lo dice, complementan de forma técnica al Reglamento de Construcciones. Dichas NTC, proporcionan los requisitos y criterios para el diseño de los elementos estructurales de un edificio, por ejemplo, una columna de concreto, un contraviento de acero o una pila en la cimentación. Durante agosto y septiembre, el Gobierno de la Ciudad de México realizó un ciclo de conferencias en el Colegio de Ingenieros Civiles de México, para presentar las actualizaciones a las NTC publicadas en 2017 y para presentar una norma nueva que es muy necesaria y que, desde mi punto de vista, tendrá un gran impacto en la forma en la que el sector asegurador revisa las propiedades ya sea para evaluar el riesgo o para cuantificar los daños. Lo que pretende la nueva norma es proveer la metodología para evaluar una estructura y los requisitos mínimos para su rehabilitación, en caso de ser necesaria. Aunque esta NTC es aplicable a todos los EDIFICIOS (no aplica a otras estructuras como puentes o tanques de almacenamiento) en la CDMX, independientemente de si tienen daño visible o no, en este artículo me enfocaré únicamente en lo que ocurrirá con los que sí tienen daños, es decir, los que se verán involucrados en una reclamación de seguros. La NTC está dividida en 13 capítulos y 2 apéndices, los cuales, a su vez, hacen referencia a las NTC aplicables del material estructural a rehabilitar. En los siguientes párrafos abordaré de forma general el objetivo de cada uno y sus implicaciones más relevante.
by Marcus Elliott 11 Sept, 2023
We're proud to announce that our Managing Director, Mr Daniel Correa is a guest speaker at this year's Istanbul Arbitration Week 2023
More posts
Share by: